Microlarinus lareynii 
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Common Name
Puncturevine seed weevil
Weed Impacted
Larvae and adults both attack puncturevine. Larvae suppress plant reproduction by destroying developing seeds. Adults cause secondary impacts by feeding on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. While these weevils have also been known to feed on Jamaica feverplant and some species of Kallstroemia, no nontarget impacts have been reported.
Insect Description
Adults are small brownish weevils, 4-5 mm (approx 3/16 in) long, covered with stiff grayish hairs. Larvae are C-shaped grubs found within the spiny seed capsules.
Life Cycle
In warm climates, these beetles may complete multiple generations in a year. Eggs are laid in pits chewed into the spiny fruits. Larvae develop within the fruits, where they feed on seeds. Mature larvae remain in the damaged seed capsules to pupate. New adults emerge and begin feeding on aboveground plant tissues, then overwinter in surface litter near the host plants.
Field Identification
M. lareynii is slightly larger and more distinctly teardrop-shaped than the other, closely-related puncturevine weevil, Microlarinus lypriformis.
Availability
These insects are readily available in states with warm climates (e.g. Oregon, California, lower midwest and southwest), but may have difficulty establishing in areas with cold winter temperatures. To inquire about availability and to request this biocontrol agent, please download, complete and submit this form.
Comments
Together with M. lypriformis, M. lareynii can provide good control of puncturevine.
Using the Agent: Integrated Weed Management (IWM)
M. lareynii should only be released where puncturevine infestations are large and eradication of the weed is not the primary objective. Smaller populations of puncturvine can be pulled, hoed, or sprayed; especially earlier in the season before flowering and seed production occurs. Consult with your county weed office, Extension office or an IWM practitioner to determine which herbicide treatments are safe and appropriate.
Any management of puncturevine should include revegetation with native or other more desirable plants. Revegetation promotes competition between plants, which stresses weeds and can allow for more effective treatment. To learn more about revegetation and IWM, click here.
References
Coombs, E. M., J. K. Clark, G. L. Piper, and A. F. Cofrancesco, Jr. 2004. Biological Control of Noxious Weeds in the United States. Western Society of Weed Science, Oregon State Univ. Press, Corvallis.
Donaldson, S. and D. Rafferty. 2003. Identification and Management of Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.). Nevada Cooperative Extension Fact Sheet FS-03-34.
Photo Credits
Microlarinus lareynii adult - USDA ARS European Biological Control Laboratory, bugwood.org http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/0021082.jpg
Microlarinus lareynii larva - L. L. Berry, bugwood.org http://www.insectimages.org/images/768x512/5358625.jpg
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