Aceria malherbae
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Common Name
Bindweed gall mite
Weed Impacted
Aceria malherbae is a mite that attacks field bindweed and hedge bindweed, although it appears to be more effective on field bindweed. Mites may also attack native species in the genus Calystegia, but no nontarget impacts have been reported. The mites form galls* on leaves, leaf stems, and shoot tips resulting in stunted plants and reduced flowering.
*galls are an abnormal swelling or deformation of plant tissue caused by insects, mites, microorganisms or injury
Agent Description
Adults and nymphs (immature) are tiny, soft-bodied mites. They are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye and are best observed under a microscope.
Life Cycle
This agent completes several generations in a year and adults can be observed year-round. Eggs are laid within the galls, and the nymphs develop within the gall tissue. Nymphs and adults overwinter on bindweed root buds.
Field Identification
Presence of the mites in the field may be determined by galling, which may be apparent as folded, twisted leaves growing in stunted clusters.
Availability
Availability of this agent is currently limited. Galls are collected in spring or early summer. To inquire about availability and to request this biocontrol agent, please download, complete and submit this form.
Comments
Post-release impacts of A. malherbae are still being investigated, but noticeable reduction in plant density has been observed at some sites in Oregon and Texas.
Using the Agent: Integrated Weed Management (IWM)
Aceria malherbae should only be released at sites where bindweed infestation is large and immediate eradication is not the primary objective. Mites may not establish in fields under cultivation or herbicide treatment. Mowing, clipping or grazing bindweed growth just prior to release may encourage establishment.
Smaller, satellite populations of bindweed can be pulled or sprayed. Consult with your county weed office, Extension office or an IWM practitioner to determine which herbicide treatments are safe and appropriate.
Any management of bindweed should include revegetation with more desirable, competitive plants. Revegetation promotes competition between plants, which stresses weeds and can allow for more effective treatment. To learn more about revegetation and IWM, click here.
References
Coombs, E. M., J. K. Clark, G. L. Piper, and A. F. Cofrancesco, Jr. 2004. Biological Control of Noxious Weeds in the United States. Western Society of Weed Science, Oregon State Univ. Press, Corvallis.
Photo Credits
Aceria malherbae mite - USDA archive photo, bugwood.org http://www.ipmimages.org/images/768x512/0021003.jpg
Aceria malherbae damage - Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, bugwood.org http://www.ipmimages.org/images/768x512/5393475.jpg
Aceria malherbae whole plant damage - IWCP staff
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